Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke TUNGSTEN
Achọpụtara na iji tungsten nwere ike jikọta ya na mpaghara anọ: chemicals, steel na super alloys, filaments, na carbides.
1847: A na-eji salts Tungsten mee owu na-acha agba na iji mee uwe eji eme ihe nkiri na ihe ndị ọzọ na-egbochi ọkụ.
1855: E mepụtara usoro Bessemer, na-enye ohere maka mmepụta ígwè. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-eme nchara tungsten mbụ na Austria.
1895: Thomas Edison nyochara ikike nke ihe nwere ike ime ka ọ bụrụ ihe ngosi X-ray, wee chọpụta na calcium tungstate bụ ihe kachasị dị irè.
1900: High Speed steel, ngwakọta pụrụ iche nke ígwè na tungsten, bụ ihe ngosi na ihe ngosi ụwa na Paris. Ọ na-edobe ike ya na okpomọkụ dị elu, zuru oke maka iji ngwá ọrụ na ígwè ọrụ.
1903: Filaments na oriọna na oriọna ọkụ bụ nke mbụ tungsten na-eji ebe mgbaze ya dị oke elu na ọkụ eletrik ya. Naanị nsogbu? Mgbalị ndị a mere n'oge mbụ chọpụtara na tungsten adịchaghị emebi emebi maka iji ya eme ihe.
1909: William Coolidge na ndị otu ya na General Electric US nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịchọpụta usoro nke na-emepụta ductile tungsten filaments site na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị na ịrụ ọrụ nhazi.
1911: Usoro Coolidge na-ere ahịa, na obere oge, tungsten ọkụ bulbs gbasaa n'ụwa nile nke nwere wires tungsten ductile.
1913: ụkọ na diamond ụlọ ọrụ na Germany n'oge WWII na-eduga ndị nchọpụta ịchọ ihe ọzọ na diamond die, nke a na-eji see waya.
1914: “Ọ bụ nkwenkwe ụfọdụ ndị ọkachamara n’ịlụ agha jikọrọ aka na n’ime ọnwa isii mgboagha ga-agwụ Germany. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ndị Allies chọpụtara na Germany na-amụba mmepụta ngwa agha ya ma ruo oge ụfọdụ gafere ihe ndị Allies rụpụtara. Mgbanwe ahụ bụ n'otu akụkụ n'ihi iji tungsten ígwè dị elu na ngwá ọrụ ịkpụ tungsten. N’ụzọ tụrụ ndị Britain n’anya nke ukwuu, tungsten ahụ e ji mee ihe, bụ́ nke e mesịrị chọpụta, si n’ebe a na-egwupụta ihe ndị dị na Cornish dị na Cornwall bịa.” - Site n'akwụkwọ KC Li nke 1947 "TUNGSTEN"
1923: Otu ụlọ ọrụ bọlbụ eletriki German nyefere patent maka tungsten carbide, ma ọ bụ hardmetal. Emere ya site na “cimenting” ọka tungsten monocarbide (WC) siri ike n'ime matrix nke metal cobalt siri ike site na ntinye mmiri mmiri.
Ihe si na ya pụta gbanwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke tungsten: ihe onwunwe nke na-ejikọta ike dị elu, ike na ike dị elu. N'ezie, tungsten carbide siri ike, naanị ihe okike nwere ike ịcha ya bụ diamond. (Carbide bụ ihe kachasị mkpa maka tungsten taa.)
1930s: Ngwa ọhụrụ bilitere maka ogige tungsten na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ maka hydrotreating nke mmanụ crude.
1940: Mmepe nke ígwè, nickel, na cobalt superalloys na-amalite, iji mejupụta mkpa maka ihe nwere ike iguzogide okpomọkụ dị egwu nke engines jet.
1942: N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ndị Germany bụ ndị mbụ ji tungsten carbide core na nnukwu ngwa agha ịkpọpu projectiles. Ụgbọ mmiri ndị Britain 'na-agbaze' mgbe ndị a tungsten carbide projectiles kụrụ ya.
1945: Ire oriọna kwa afọ bụ nde 795 na US.
1950s: Ka ọ na-erule oge a, a na-agbakwunye tungsten na superalloys iji meziwanye arụmọrụ ha.
1960s: A mụrụ ndị na-emepụta ihe ọhụrụ nwere ogige tungsten iji gwọọ gas na-ekpochapụ na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ.
1964: Nkwalite na arụmọrụ na mmepụta nke oriọna ọkụ na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa nke inye ọkụ ọkụ nyere site na nkeji iri atọ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọnụ ahịa na ntinye nke usoro ọkụ Edison.
2000: N'oge a, a na-ese ihe dị ka ijeri mita 20 nke waya oriọna kwa afọ, ogologo ya na-adakọ ihe dị ka okpukpu 50 site n'ebe dị anya n'ụwa. Ọkụ na-eri 4% na 5% nke mkpokọta tungsten.
TUNGSTEN TAA
Taa, tungsten carbide juru ebe niile, yana ngwa ya gụnyere ịkpụ ígwè, ịkpụ osisi, plastik, ihe ndị mejupụtara, na ceramics dị nro, imepụta chipless (ọkụ na oyi), Ngwuputa ihe, ihe owuwu, igwu nkume, akụkụ ihe owuwu, eyi akụkụ na akụrụngwa agha. .
A na-ejikwa ọla kọpa Tungsten na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta rocket engine nozzles, nke ga-enwerịrị ezigbo ihe na-eguzogide okpomọkụ. A na-eji super-alloys nwere tungsten na akwa turbine na akụkụ na-eguzogide ọgwụ na mkpuchi.
Otú ọ dị, n'otu oge ahụ, ọchịchị nke ọkụ ọkụ na-egbuke egbuke abịala na njedebe mgbe afọ 132 gasịrị, ka ha na-amalite ịpụ na US na Canada.
Oge nzipu: Jul-29-2021
